The energy conversion of solar street lights mainly involves the following steps:

First, the conversion of solar energy into electricity

1. Solar panels (photovoltaic panels) are the core components of energy conversion, which are usually composed of multiple groups of solar cells, most of which are made of monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon.

(2) Solar panels use the "photoelectric effect" principle to convert solar energy (light energy) into direct current energy. In this process, the light intensity is directly related to the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and the stronger the light, the more electricity is converted.

3. Generally speaking, the conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells can theoretically reach 25%, but in practical applications, due to the influence of surrounding buildings, dust and dirt, the conversion efficiency may be reduced, usually between 15% and 19%.

Second, the storage and use of electric energy

1. During the day, solar panels store the converted energy in batteries. Since the photovoltaic panel outputs direct current, it can be stored directly with a battery.

2. In the evening or at night, through the control of the solar charge and discharge controller, the battery transmits the stored electric energy to the LED lamp and other light sources to achieve the lighting function.

3. In this process, the solar charge and discharge controller plays an important role, which can guarantee the constant current output, control the discharge period, so as to accurately control the lighting time of the street lamp, and also has short-circuit protection, overload protection and undervoltage protection.

To sum up, the energy conversion of solar street lights is mainly to convert solar energy into electricity through photovoltaic panels, and store it in the battery, and supply LED lights and other light sources through the controller when needed to achieve green and environmentally friendly lighting solutions.